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Fern spores are borne in sporangia which are usually clustered to form sori A rhizome is a specialized, rootlike stem. The sporangia may be covered with a protective coating called an indusium

The arrangement of the sporangia is important in classification A frond is simply the leaf of the fern [7] in monomorphic ferns, the fertile and sterile leaves look morphologically the same, and both are able to photosynthesize.

A fern plant is a type of plant that reproduces via spores

This means they have no flowers and, therefore no seeds ‘fern’ is the more common name for this group of plants, which is botanically known as ‘polypodiophyta’. Fern, class of several thousand species of nonflowering vascular plants that reproduce by spores Ferns have true roots, stems, and complex leaves and constitute an ancient division of plants

Learn about their physical characteristics, life cycle, genetics, evolutionary history, and classification. Explore a variety of fascinating ferns to enhance your home and garden Deciduous ostrich ferns (matteuccia struthiopteris) get their name because their long, textured, arching fronds resemble the feathery plumes of this big bird. What follows is a short primer on the biology of ferns, starting at the beginning, with how ferns first originated and evolved into the plants we see in the present, making special note of some of the groups that went extinct along the way.

Ferns are plants that do not have flowers

Ferns generally reproduce by producing spores Similar to flowering plants, ferns have roots, stems and leaves. Ferns are in the plant division, pteridophyta, and to date there are 10,400 known species of true ferns Fern allies are plants that have shared characteristics with ferns, but have distinct structural differences

For example, fern allies have smaller, undivided leaves. Dr patrick brownsey shows us the 3 major parts of a fern The rhizome (the underground stem), the leafy frond and the sporangia (the reproductive structure). A fern is a vascular plant that differs from the more primitive lycophytes in having true leaves (megaphylls) and from the more advanced seed plants (gymnosperms and angiosperms) in lacking seeds, and instead reproducing with spores.

There are about 11,000 species of ferns, most of them indigenous to tropical and subtropical regions

A fern plant generally consists of one or more fronds attached to a rhizome

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