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The vertebral column surrounds and protects the spinal cord, while the cranium protects the brain. Vertebrates, which include fishes, reptiles, amphibians, birds, and mammals, all share a vertebral column, or a chain of bony elements (vertebrae) that run along the dorsal surface from head to tail and form the main skeletal axis of the body. They have backbones, from which they derive their name
The vertebrates are also characterized by a muscular system consisting primarily of bilaterally paired masses and a central nervous system partly enclosed within the backbone Vertebrates are a diverse group of animals found across nearly every environment on earth, from fish in oceans to birds soaring above and mammals, including humans, on land. The subphylum is one of the best known of all groups of animals.
There are five main groups of vertebrates
Fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals They differ in characteristics such as skin covering, reproductive methods, and life cycles. Thus, vertebrates refer to animals with a characteristic bony or cartilaginous axial endoskeleton known as the vertebral column, spine, or backbone Fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals are all examples of vertebrates.
They belong to the phylum chordata and evolved from ancient chordates. Vertebrates are animals that have backbones inside their bodies “vertebrates use their backbones for movement and support,” explains the american museum of natural history. Vertebrates have adapted to nearly every habitat, from the deepest oceans to the highest mountains
This article explores their evolution, classification, characteristics, and importance, providing a detailed understanding of these remarkable creatures.
These first vertebrates lacked jaws, like the living hagfish and lampreys.
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